Research Proposal Essay

Requesting permission to conduct a report to determine â€Å"Local tourist’s consciousness towards the tourism industry of Bangladesh† Dear Sir, We have the pleasure to acknowledge that Research Methodology has been found to be a very interesting course by all of us, with the benefit of being under your supervision. For part fulfillment of the requirements in your course, you have assigned us a report, through which we can have the practical experience of conducting research report, which will help us a lot in future. As per the requirement, we have chosen to conduct a report designed to verify, â€Å"Local tourist’s consciousness towards the tourism industry of Bangladesh† We believe that choosing a topic such as this will help us learn a lot about Human Resource Management. We, hereby ask for your kind permission to work on this topic. We hope that our report will aid to make the concrete decision and live up to your expectations. Bangladesh has lots of tourism spots but most of them are unexplored by the local people, because of the inadequate information. Government and Parjatan Corporation both are not concern about this sector. So,accurate information, advertisement or any other promotional activities are not provided by the authority to attract local people. Transport, accommodation, cost and security are also important factor to the common people. To develop this sector the authority should take some steps to attract people such as they can provide information centers, they can arrange fair, can give TV advertisement also in the printing media. Nowadays internet advertisement is also available to attract people. Actually by attempting these steps government just cannot attract local people but also can earn huge revenue. Problem Identification: Bangladesh has huge potential to attract people visiting our country. Tourism is one of them. Many developing countries choose tourism industry as one of their earning source. In our country tourism industry is failed to attract the local people. The insufficient information centers, lack of advertisement and promotional activities make people disinterested from this industry. Apart from this cost and security is also a big factor. The less consciousness of Parjatan Corporation and government is very much responsible for it. This study would be focused on the tourism industry of Bangladesh and it will be a gateway to understand the various motivational and de-motivational aspects of tourism and help them to create a favorable tourist oriented environment and strategy. This research is conducted to identify the problems which local people face at the time of visiting different place. Literature review: Bangladesh is located conveniently on the east-west air-corridor making it a gateway to the Far East. It is endowed with resources and the potential for a tourism industry. In the south-east the country has a 120 Km long beach of soft silvery sand, perhaps the world’s longest, in a Riviera-like setting with crescent-shaped low hills overlooking the Bay of Bengal. The ranges of the hills clad in lush green thickets are treasured locations for eco-tourists and wildlife watchers. At the head of this terrain is Cox’s Bazaar which is as romantic as its name is to the outside world. The hill districts to the north and north-east of Cox’s Bazaar nestle the Kaptai and Rangamati lakes, an 840 sq. m body of crystal clear water lying in sylvan shadows not far from where a dozen hill tribes follow their traditional life-styles. The Tea District of Sylhet in the far north-east of the country has prospects of tourism, as does the Sundarbans, a large mangrove forest in the South which is home of the Bengal tiger; remains of palaces of old principalities andarchaeological sites of Buddhist monasteries. Shrines and holy places, mosques and temples, particularly in the northern part of the country, are among the tourist treasures of Bangladesh. The acuurate definition of Tourism is still unsolved. The term Tourism could be viewed from different angles like economic, managerial, marketing, social, and environmental and so on ( Rashidul, 1988). Tourism can be classified into several distinct categories. They would include holiday travel, visiting friends and relatives ( VFR), business travel, health treatment, shopping, conference, incentive travel, official mission, education, sports and others travel ( Malaysia Tourism Promotion Board, 2004). Tourism is the temporary, short-term movement of people to destination outside the places where they normally live and work and their activities during the stay at each destination. It includes movements for all purposes (Tourism Society of England, 1976). Tourism is a special and complex industry and its promotion has to be direct at large number of people in various lands of different socio-economic structures having different needs, tests, attitudes, expectations and behavior patterns. There for planning effective marketing promotional strategy must penetrate in the peoples tastes and preferences (Shafi, 1985). (Afjal et al. 2005) identified foreign tourists’ attitude toward service product arrangement, channel of distribution, price of tourism product and services and promotional arrangement. He also showed marketing constraints that affect the attitude of the foreign tourists. He recommends that Bangladesh tourism industry should arrange its marketing mix elements in a way that attain positive attitudes of the foreign tourists and ensure growth of the country. Tourism industry in Bangladesh has not got a solid footing to â€Å"taken off†. Unfortunately, since its independence in 1971 following a devastating war of liberation, Bangladesh has gotten publicity about negative incidents like natural calamities, cyclones, floods and epidemics, in the international media, and this adversely affected international tourist flows to the country. The trend appears to have continued in recent years. Statistics showing foreign tourist arrivals for ten years to July 2006 is presented in annex table 1. For three consecutive years up to 2006, there has been encouraging annual growth in international tourist arrivals. It is expected that the growth rate would further increase in the coming years. It is also expected that eco-tourists and special interest tourists will increasingly choose Bangladesh as one of their destinations. Tour operators of the country are expected to intensify their efforts to bring in more groups and package tours. In order to develop tourist products, the country has already begun development of a second sea resort at Kuakata, a alf-day trip from the Sundarbans. As shown in annex table 2 which shows the nationality of tourist arrivals, India is the top tourist generating country for Bangladesh, closely followed by United Kingdom and the United States of America. Trends for in bound tourism from traditional tourist market areas like Germany, France and the Scandinavian countries appear to be positive. Bangladesh can count on a â€Å"favored nation† stat us with respect to tourist arrivals from Japan. Research Objective: Broad Objective The objective of the research report was to assess local tourist’s attitude towards tourism industry of Bangladesh. Based on the opinion of local people we tried to point out for which reason they are not interested about our tourism sector and what strategies should be taken to promote the industry. Specific Objective †¢ To give an overall idea about tourism sector. †¢ To find out different positive steps taken by porjatan corporation. †¢ To determine those key factors which are responsible for success of tourism industry Research Methodology: †¢ Primary Sources: Information used in this report has been collected from both primary and secondary sources. Primary data were collected mainly through the writer’s observation of the approval process and research techniques, informal interviews of the specific populations. †¢ Secondary Source: Majority of the information were collected from the secondary sources, which include books, publications, reading materials, Information circulars, websites. Respondents and sampling procedure: †¢ Sample size The survey questionnaire consists of 14 (fourteen) sample questions that was used to evaluate 50 customers. Sample size was determined through the approach based on confidence level and precision rate. †¢ Population size All the people in Bangladesh would be the target customers of tourism industry. That’s why all citizen of Bangladesh are our population size. †¢ Sample frame Sample selection is a part of sample frame. Sample frame is containing a List of the Particulars about all the items of a Population. It is prepared with a view to facilitating me to select required Samples. Sample selection: As survey was to be conducted, an initial plan for stratified sampling was designed. The respondents were to be picked from the AIUB MBA Student. †¢ Sample technique Based on the Methodologies, as a researcher we have drawn Samples on the basis of non random sampling techniques. In this report we have gone through all the non-random sampling techniques like Purposive /Judgmental, Quota Sampling, Convenience Sampling Limitation: Every matter has got some limitation. So this is also not an exception. The limitations of this report are been sated below: ? Sufficient records, publications, facts and figures are not available. These constrains narrowed the scope of real analysis. ? Not having an accurate tourism database that caused waste of time. ? It is quite difficult to complete for such assignments program for five persons in a certain time limit. ? There was time limitation for this research project. That made difficult to get all information. Though there are some limitations we have tried our best to collect adequate data and information to make the report meaningful. Scope of the research: This study would be focused on the tourism industry of Bangladesh and it will e a gateway to understand the various motivational and de-motivational aspects of tourism and help them to create a favorable tourist oriented environment and strategy. We hope to complete our report work in the boundaries of 13 days, starting from the week after the competition of mid-term examination. A generalized vision of how and when we will conduct each stage of our report has been systematized. From then onwards, if all the external factors are stable, and all other major external forces do not restrict, the work is expected to proceed as the following schedule. This questionnaire has been designed to conduct a research on ‘Local tourist’s consciousness towards the tourism industry of Bangladesh’ to fulfill the partial requirement of Business Statistics and Decision Analysis course, under School of Business Administration,

Louis Pojman’s We Don’t Deserve What We Earn Essay

Merit and desert are two terms that are always in opposition to one another. While merit measures value in terms of success or failures, desert presupposes that value is not only measured in terms of success or failure but also the intentions must be assessed. Desert asseses â€Å"whether or not one had good or bad intentions, whether or not one was responsible for the success or failure†. While it is tempting to decide on issues with regards to their value in terms of the intentions of doing them as well as the success or failure of the object to meet our specific demands, I do believe that we merit is the best way of making a decision; we deserve what we earn. Athlete who has been training for long hours everyday deserves to win a race because of his attempt to train, and not marely because he is tall or has some long strides. Merit presumes that a person deserves something provided that he has some qualities. This is in contrast to desert which assumes a person to deserve something given that he attempts or does something. The criterion for deciding whether we deserve what we earn may be either through merit or desert, but one fact is that we generally deserve what we earn. The society itself is full of pointers to the fact that we get what we â€Å"saw†. To begin with, the laws governing our actions in the society show a justice. The concept of justice is found in most cultures and religious institutions. An ancient Greek poet, Simonides, defined justice as â€Å"giving each person his due† an idea which is unequivocal in the ancient Greek laws which also defined justice as giving the people what they merited. This idea of justice is also evident in most religions. The concept of the final judgment done on the basis of ones goodness or badness cuts across all religions; in the Hindu scriptures the notion of reward got after reincarnation is portrayed as being proportional to the person’s deeds. This same idea is also exemplified in the Quran and explicit in the Hebrew and Christian bibles. The bible for example states that what a person sows such shall he reap. In the current world affairs, we can look at the US election as one indicator of the criteria by which the society measures its values. We can decide to look at Obama as deserving the win from two perspective, from a meritorious point of view or from a desert based point of view. If we look at it from a merit-based point of view, then we can say that Obama deserved the win because he planned well, mounted a successful campaign machinery and was successful in convincing the young people, many of whom voted for him. On the other hand, we can decide to say that Obama deserved to win because he represented a minority community which has been oppressed and so deserved to win the election on this ground. Reference Pojman, L. Merit: Why do we value it. Journal of Social Philosophy. New York. Vol 30:83-102.

African Americans and Slavery

African Americans and Slavery in the Revolutionary period The American Revolution was a time of great turmoil for all men and women in the United States. Great debates came and went during this time; slavery and the freedom of black men being the main problems in these debates. Slaves were used for a great number of things during the American revolutionary period. The arrival of slavery to the American colonies began in the 1600s and started out in Virginia.As the years passed more and more African-Americans were brought into the colonies to be used as labor workers. The beginning amount of slaves continued to grow and by the beginning of the revolution there were about 273,000 slaves spread throughout the American states. With the coming of the revolution all African-Americans, slave or free, knew something was coming and each had a different response to these comings. There were differences in the responses of slaves and free men during the American Revolution. There were also cons equences to their choices. Gaining freedom in a land of captivity and wresting equality from a society whose founding documents guarantee it has been the consuming desire and everlasting hope that has kept harrowed bodies and weary souls going. † In the southern states African-American slaves were treated harsher than those in the north. The plantations down south required back –breaking hours of work in the sun that White Americans believed could only be done by those they had bought. There was a reason for them to be there and until they could no longer work they were to do all things imaginable for their owners, no questions asked.Some of these slaves thought it was easier to run away from their owners and that in doing so they would have a chance to fight for their country. Slaves could either flee to the north or they could flee to Spanish owned Florida. In cases where a master was called upon to fight, they would send a slave in their place and if they lived long enough to return home they earned freedom. Many of the slaves decided that if they had a chance to gain their freedom by joining the war effort then they would gladly take their masters place.They also believed that with the beginning to the revolutionary period would bring a new deed to the land and when it was over there would no longer be a need for slaves. The consequences for slaves in the south were innumerable. Like many slaves, they took this time to run from slave masters and plantations. If these southern slaves were caught, depending on the owner, the slave could suffer mild to severe consequences. Depending on the demeanor of the owner a slave could be punished in several different ways. Whipping, branding, slapping, being dunked underwater, and kicking were just some forms of punishment.The most severe punishments were to cut off a body part like an ear in the hopes that the slave would learn and never run again. There were also â€Å"nice† slave owners that chos e not to punish their slaves. There justification for not punishing their slaves was so that they would continue to work and so that the owner could buy more slaves with the money that they continued to pool in from the work. Because of some owners that continuously harassed Washington, he stopped allowing slaves into his army. But General Washington, fearing rebellion, created an order that stated that all blacks were not allowed to fight.Later he partially reversed the order and allowed only free black men to fight with him. Some slaves believed that taking a chance to flee towards the north was a far-fetched idea. They were seeking freedom in the quickest possible way. Lord Dunmore sent out a proclamation that stated in exchange for freedom any black that came to him would fight against the patriots and become a loyalist. Dunmore’s promise of freedom fueled black slaves to escape and even some patriots fled to fight as a loyalist. After the war, true to his word, slaves ga ined their freedom.Some of these newly freed slaves went to Britain but many of them stayed in the Americas. On the other hand free men in the north believed the revolution would bring about change for the better. Their idea of the revolution was that they were being given the chance to gain independence from Great Britain and also for themselves. It was a defining moment in history that they were to be a part of. Fighting with white men gave these free black men a sense of honor and it also gave them a job where they could earn a little money to put towards getting homes and things of that nature.Men from the north gradually began to realize that they could fight with their brethren and bring independence to the land. General Washington passed an order stating that no black man was allowed into his army. This order came about because of general angst from some slave owners. These owners believed that there should not be any blacks fighting for the independence because they were onl y good for being slaves and they would never have say over anything. After some time Washington, fearing not having enough men to fight against the British, partially eversed this order to allow only free black men. Other than this there were not many consequences that are recorded for free black men. These free men not only fought for the independence of the nation but also for their independence and the independence of other black men and women. African-Americans from the north and south chose to join the continental army because they believed that they should help make the place the lived independent from a tyranny that had no say in the matters of a new country. They felt that this tyranny could take their rights and place them under unfair rule once again.Some of the freemen and slaves that had started out in the continental army decided to run to the British army but were not successful in their plights. Nash called the revolution the ‘greatest slave rebellion in America n history’ because it was just that. The revolution opened up new grounds for slaves to rebel against owners because it was the most opportune time for them to do so. â€Å"If any group within America’s diversified people came close to answering John Adams’s plea that ‘we must all be soldiers,’ it was black Americans.No part of revolutionary society responded to the call for arms with anywhere near the enthusiasm of those who were black. Proportionate to their number, African American males— and some females— were more likely to join the fray than white Americans. † According to this excerpt from another one of Nash’s books, African-Americans were much more adept to answering the plea of John Adams. If there were more African-American fighters than white that meant that more black males were subject to put themselves in danger in order to gain freedom.They would rather have one day of freedom, not knowing if they would di e in the next second, hour, or day, than be a slave for the rest of their lives. This is one of the reasons why Nash called the revolution the ‘greatest slave rebellion in American history’. â€Å"Desperate to fill the thinned ranks of its regiments, states offered freedom†¦ to serve during the continuance of the present war with Great Britain. Every black enlistee would be ‘immediately discharged from the service of his master or mistress, and be absolutely free, as if he had never been encumbered with any kind of servitude or slavery. If states were desperate to have more men come into their ranks then there was nothing really stopping slaves from escaping their masters and coming to fight. They all wanted freedom from someone. Slaves wanted freedom from their bonds that were tied to the soil they worked and the Americans wanted freedom from Great Britain. Both groups had their reasons to fight and the only way slaves knew how to become free was to rebel a nd run to an army. This was a time for large rebellions on all fronts not just from the slaves.It was a rebellion against the British from the former colonists and a rebellion against the men and women that were taken from their homes to somehow create new ones. â€Å"It may have been, as Nash says ‘the greatest slave rebellion in American history,’ but for most of the rebels it ended like the others, in death. Slaves who supported the American side fared better, but not much better. Only with great reluctance did Washington allow some to join his army. Other Virginians had another wartime use for them.In 1780 the state legislature offered salves as a bounty for enlistment in the war against British tyranny. The revolution did see enactment of measures for gradual emancipation in the northern states, but the number who benefited was small. † My view on the American Revolution has changed somewhat because of how the African-Americans were treated during and after the period of war. The Americans act as though they had not been fighting alongside each other and because of this withhold distaste for the blacks.The completely disregard the idea that every man is created equal and has certain unalienable rights. They do not extend these ideas that were written down on the Declaration of Independence to the free black Americans. Men that had fought with and under Washington were not looked as the same because the color of their skin and were not given the same rights. Because of how they were treated I see the Revolution more as a war against Britain to save other whites from tyranny rather than to gain independence for all mankind. ——————————————– 1 ]. Gary B. Nash, The Forgotten Fifth: African Americans in the Age of Revolution (Harvard University: 2006), 1. [ 2 ]. Taymor, . â€Å"US History Documents. † Last modified 2005. Accessed J anuary 27, 2013. http://inside. sfuhs. org/dept/history/US_History_reader/Chapter2/Nashfighting. pdf. [ 3 ]. Taymor, . â€Å"US History Documents. † Last modified 2005. Accessed January 27, 2013. http://inside. sfuhs. org/dept/history/US_History_reader/Chapter2/Nashfighting. pdf. [ 4 ]. Edmund S. Morgan, review of The Unknown American Revolution: The

Data analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Data analysis - Essay Example The data gathering process is conducted through online questionnaires or surveys in order to determine the information, which is gathered and then analyzed. The Strategic Communication is first important in communicating to authors what was uncovered in the research. Secondly, when the book is ready to be sold, the Strategic Communication, through advertising and public relations (PR), reflects the changes made in this new edition to all those who potentially will adopt or purchase this book for their courses (Churchill and Iacobucci 566). As another example of Strategic Communications, a Vice-President in a business may need to inform the board of directors about a new process that can be implemented, but with some additional costs. The research done as to the plan’s effectiveness and what it will cost, is essential to selling this new process to the board of directors. Therefore, the statistics which shows this information, is an essential part to successfully selling the ne w plan or operation. 2. Differentiate between a population and sample. The difference is that a population consists, for example, of all people who drink coffee at Starbucks (Zikmund 296). The sample of the population must be taken from within that population of all people who drink coffee from Starbucks (Week 4, p.2). ... This is part of variables when we determine these parameters of the data while canvasing those people who have applied to take the survey Week 4, p.4). If any of the required parameters (variables) are not present, such as a certain age group, buying Starbucks coffee more than once a month, who are currently working, and own a home, for example, then those returns are not vetted or accepted. In general, use 10% of the overall group to get a representation, such as 100/1000 (Muijs 35). In describing a sample of School of Communication students, they would need to be taking classes in public relations, journalism, marketing, and radio/television courses (Zikmund 296). Age is not considered a factor but it can be a descriptive of the sampling, as older students also take these courses, not just those who are 18 to 22 years of age. In defining parameters for attaining the sample, the objective for this might be that only those who are majoring in any of these courses, and within a certai n age group, can apply to the research study. Other parameters that could be applied in some cases, is to only have honor students apply, rather than the whole population of students in the School of Communications. Creating such parameters in the invitation communication means that only those who closely fit the parameters, will apply, rather than the whole school or college, thus saving on wasted time weeding out those who do not fit in to the objective (Muijs 35; week 4, p.6). 3. Explain what statistical significance is. Statistical significance is the process of testing data through various operations. One example might be in creating two different messages, with a call to action, which will be sent to a sample group. This would be called A/B testing to see which

A business's only responsibility is to maximise financial returns to Essay

A business's only responsibility is to maximise financial returns to its a shareholders - Essay Example nancial returns and profitability would mean to shareholders, the different factors that affect profitability and contribute to maximizing shareholder wealth, the examples and evidence of shareholders returns and company policies and strategies will be analyzed. This essay would highlight the fact that it is a business and company’s primary responsibility to increase profits and improve shareholder financial returns and wealth maximization to maintain the trust of shareholders and investors in the market although there are many factors and controversies involved as will be discussed. Profitability of a company is measured with the values of return on equity (ROE) and return on assets (ROA). Return on equity reveals the profits a company earns when compared with the total amount of shareholder equity. Shareholder equity represents assets created by retained earnings of business and the capital invested by the owners. Shareholder equity equals total liabilities subtracted from total assets and refers to what shareholders possess. High returns on equity indicates that the company can generate cash internally and higher returns on company’s equity suggests better position of the company. For example if a business had a net worth or shareholder’s equity of $200 million dollars and made a profit of $20 million dollars, the earnings from returns on equity would be 10% (see Omran et al, 2002). Higher returns are positive for the company and indicate valuable returns and profitability for shareholders as well. It is the responsibility of a company to see to it that shareholders get adequate and profitable financial returns for their investments (Robbins et al, 2003/2004). The formula for returns on equity is: Net Profit / Average Shareholder Equity for the Period. Asset turnover is an indication of total sales for $1 of assets and return on assets or ROA gives an indication of profits generated by a company for each $1 in assets. Profitability is measured both in

Love & Friendship text analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Love & Friendship text analysis - Essay Example To her, Robbie is a sex-crazed maniac who is out to hurt her sister. Her accusation lands Robbie a jail-term. However, with age she comes to terms with her mistake and leads her life wishing for atonement, and this makes her writes to the end. All the events in the novel can be attributed to the failure of the older generation. Therefore, this paper shall seek to explain the extent to which the older generation’s failure contributed to the events of the story. The novel centers on the youth and adolescents facing challenges as a result of their parents’ failures. For instance, Briony’s cousins’ Lola, Pierrot, and Jackson visit the Tallis’s home for summer since their parents, Cecil Quincey and Hermoine are having problems in their marriage. They are giving their parents time to work out their differences and probably revert back their idea of having a divorce. It is during this visit that Lola gets raped and Robbie is accused of the crime. Chances are high that if Lola’s parents were in a healthy relationship, then they could have not visited the Tallis’s home during summer since they could be spending time together as a family. On the other hand, if they had not visited Tallis’s home, then Lola could have not been raped and Robbie could not have been sent to prison. The Talli’s family members are not happy as a family since their parents are not always there for them. Jack Tallis, the head of the family is always in London working and does not get time to visit or spend quality time with his family. McEwan asserts, â€Å"†¦and the old man is staying in town. He might come later† (48). The whole household misses his presence, and everything that goes wrong is attributed to the fact that he is not around. Briony explains that her father’s presence always changed the family’s atmosphere. She asserts, â€Å"Whenever he was around, the house settled on a fixed point† (McEwan 122). In as much as he spent his time at home in the library

Can politics ever be considered just for Augustine Essay

Can politics ever be considered just for Augustine - Essay Example The great influence that his teachings had and continue to have in the modern period can be attributed to his persuasive nature, since the was able to influence the basic processes through which the Christian church operates today; not only the catholic church but also the Eastern Orthodox and the Protestants. With this in mind, it would be prudent to ensure that the teachings of this man are studied so that it can be determined whether he considered politics to be just or not. If one considers Augustine’s teachings, one would come to the conclusion that he believes politics can be just because of his belief in free will. Free will, according to Augustine, is an essential part of the human connection with God (Elshtain, 2004). While this may be the case, he lived during an age where many individuals were often subjected into lifelong servitude and slavery. The latter people did not have the free will to be able to make their own choices in life and only had to submit to the wi ll of their masters, a fact which would not have been in agreement with Augustine’s beliefs. ... democratic system where the free will of an individual is what determined whether he participated in the politics of his society or not (Visser, 2010). The fact that many of the individuals who lived in the Roman society lacked free will because of the autocratic government that was in place, may have had an influence on the teachings of Augustine, who, despite not having been born a Christian, was among those who developed the doctrine of free will in the religious and political scene of the time. According to Augustine, free will existed because it was granted by God, so that in order for an individual to achieve it, it had to be granted by God (Valk, 2009). The fact that some individuals in the society did not possess free will was because God had not seen it fit to grant it to them and this ensured that they were not yet worthy of it. It can be said that those individuals who have the free will to participate in politics have been granted this privilege by God and since God is co nsidered to be just, then there is justice in politics. Free will is absolutely essential to human nature as this is what determines what individuals do with their live, whether good or evil. The ability to make this choice is among the most fundamental aspects of politics because it enables individuals to take differing viewpoints without necessarily having to see eye to eye on some matters. It was this teaching which came to be adopted by the protestant movement, especially the Calvinists, who accepted Augustine’s teaching that there is both free will and divine grace, and as such, the will of an individual is often predestined. One of the conditions which Augustine considers to be necessary for individuals to attain free will is the keeping and fulfilling of all the commandments of

Educational Outline Program Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Educational Outline Program - Essay Example Therefore, the program aims to expand the available knowledge of the nurses and initiate them to regain critical skills competence (Hammer & Craig, 2008). Program description The program takes into account that these nurses have the fundamental knowledge on nursing theories (Liaw, Scherpbier, Klainin & Rethans, 2011). Unlike in the student-to-nurse transition receptor program, the nurses do not have critical uncertainty issues. Therefore, the role of the program is to help them re-enter into the career successfully and with minimum interruptions. The program brings the depth of caring and the nursing insight from their previous experiences in the healthcare environment. The program further familiarizes the refreshing nurses with the new technology in use, the present management of the medical and surgical conditions and other evidence based improvements within the nursing care work. The refresher program will cater for a vast number of practitioners. It addresses areas that concern s everal groups of nursing personnel. Therefore, it is applicable for the following people; the first is all inactive registered nurses. Secondly, it caters for the foreign nurses who are getting ready for license exams in the country and advanced practice nurses who are reentering the workforce. It also caters for nurses who are changing specialties from a department to another, administrators and other nurse leaders who wish to update their clinical knowledge. It is an extensive program, whose implementation will assist many people and improve the healthcare service in the hospitals. Anticipatory set The setting of the course outline requires that the nurse taking the refresher program complete theory-sitting classes. The program also has incorporated practical hours in which the nurse... This paper approves that the program has objectives that it aims to achieve at the end of the training session. The program aims to ensure that upon completing the whole course of refreshing, the nurse can practice safely and consequently be competent enough to handle and maintain critical care units such as the Intensive Care Unit without challenges. This program is not for new entries into the practice, but rather people who practiced and left for some period. Therefore, the learning objective hopes to instill a problem solving strategy within the nurses so they can provide care within a wide range of the patient population. Lastly, the third objective of the learning process in this refresher course is to grow critical skills that use evidence based approach in assessing and managing the patients. The program further familiarizes the refreshing nurses with the new technology in use, the present management of the medical and surgical conditions and other evidence based improvements within the nursing care work. The refresher program will cater for a vast number of practitioners. It addresses areas that concern several groups of nursing personnel. This essay makes a conclusion that the nursing profession is quite competitive. Similarly, the expectations on the nurses are remarkably high. Therefore, with this practical refresher course program for nurses, the local hospitals, as well as, the health care sector will manage the wide gap of nursing personnel shortage. This refresher program offers the opportunity to former practicing nurses to become useful in their area of profession.

Summery Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 2

Summery - Assignment Example As identified, external communication is concerned with dispersing information about the company to the rest of the stakeholders (Anderson, 2015). Frequently used forms of external communication include; newsletters, press releases, direct mails and financial records. Public relation forms the baseline of a company’s successful interaction with the immediate environment. Communication only configures and modifies the corporation’s outlook to the community, customers, and possible investors. External communication synergizes public relation, strengthening the company and its relations. Both technology and external communication go hand in hand in influencing commercial activities (Evans, 2010). Modern technology has altered the look of external communication, as the internet has become the means of communication. Technology has both positive and negative effects on communication. External communication faces a challenge of tainting the image of an organization. Those in charge of external communication must bear in mind their audience and companies outlook. Street, C. T., & Cameron, A. F. (2007). External relationships and the small business: A review of small business alliance and network research. Journal of Small Business Management.

Book Analysis for the book I, Che Guevara Essay

Book Analysis for the book I, Che Guevara - Essay Example Ernesto Guevara used the word as ‘comrade’ because he was deeply influenced by principles of Marxism. He was responsible for ending rule of then ruler Batista and was commander of his guerilla warfare force. He played key roles in government where he advocated his policies designed for welfare of people. He had travelled across countries in his younger days which he chronicles in his diaries. This travel brought him closer to people, which helped him understand their problems, poverty and life. His revolution extended to Bolivia where he met his end in a military execution. His ideology, philosophy, his deep love for his country and his martyrdom has made him a hero worldwide. His life and death are viewed as an enigma and his love and selfless efforts for the betterment of his people makes him the most revered revolutionary so far. Che was executed in Bolivia in the year 1967 at the age of thirty-nine. Military officers and leaders present in Bolivia during the time rem ember him to be very intelligent, calm and charismatic although his appearance was ragged and dirty. The book ‘I, Che Guevara’ starts from the day of execution of Che. This is a history based political fiction presumes that Che was not executed on October 9th, 1967. He disappeared only to reappear as an old man who has travelled across to spread message of revolution among people. He appears in coastal villages and starts having intellectual conversations with inhabitants, eventually bringing them together to form a political party. Author John Blackthorn has successfully established the premise in the book. John Blackthorn is an alias Gary Hart took up for writing novels. Representing Democratic Party he was elected as senator. Later he was a front runner candidate for Democratic Party for presidential elections. However he had to withdraw his nomination because of his alleged extra marital affair with model Donna Rice. He withdrew from active politics only to return a s consultant on national security. He has authored and co-authored many books under his alias John Blackthorn. His active role in government when he was elected helped him considerably while writing his books. ‘I, Che Guevara’ although a political fiction, is reflection of Hart’s creativity and understanding of international affairs, which makes the book an interesting read. History does not have ‘ifs’ and ‘buts’ and yet when we look back and reflect on the subject we find several dots to connect to make a complete picture. Che Guevara or Ernesto Guevara appears on the scene as Ernesto Blanco. Although he is old and white haired he still holds a charismatic personality and engaging talks. He travels throughout his country to find that there is no or minimal change in people. He hides himself from soldiers and military for a considerable time and when he realizes that people have nearly forgotten him then appears on the surface. The plot revolves around Che’s resurfacing, his bringing of people together in yet another revolution and leading people from the front. What do you think about Revolution in Cuba? I said. What revolution is that senor? They said. What revolution is that? That’s the revolution to save your skinny little ass! I said. Oh senor, they said, there is no revolution in the world that can save my skinny little ass. 1 There is an entire generation who gets inspired by Che’s fiery speeches and fights revolution shoulder to shoulder with him. However when he wants to question people about any such revolution,

The Right to an Occupational License Research Paper

The Right to an Occupational License - Research Paper Example There might also be a residency issue because the prisoner may be serving time in an institution that is not in his or her home state and, therefore, may not meet the residency requirement. All that being said, this student believes that prisoners should be able to vote in that they are likely affected as much as any ordinary citizen by who wins. Furthermore, if felons could vote, perhaps an interest in the upcoming election could occur, thereby giving the prisoners a greater understanding and appreciation for the law. This student’s answer for 1 (a) was not any, but I would just like to say that I can see no reason why a prisoner let out into the community should not be able to vote. This student wonders why after a prisoner has served his or her time he would not enjoy the same rights as all the eligible citizens who have not served time. The released individual should not have to apply to have his or her voting rights restored. Citizen B, basically, committed several offenc es; namely, sexual harassment per se; intimidation; and firing an employee who would not acquiesce to her demands. Although the question states that she successfully â€Å"served† her two years of probation, it gives no indication that she carried out appropriate community service and/or took counselling designed to help her to understand her behaviour and to refrain from it in the future. She did not serve jail time and, apparently, did not make restitution to the fired employee. Consequently, at this time, I do not believe that she should be allowed to hold public office.

Roman Lnadmarks Essay Example for Free

Roman Lnadmarks Essay The landmarks created during the Roman Empire did not only signify Rome’s culture, but also shown it’s strength and technological advances. The Colosseum and the aqueducts show how technologically and economically advance Rome was. Not only this, the Coloseum and many aqueducts survive to show that Rome’s architecture are not only a feats of engineering but portals to one of histories’ greatest empires. The Roman aqueducts played a vital role in the empire. They supplied fresh water for Rome’s citizens. â€Å"while some eighteen aqueducts brought fresh water to Rome’s major cities. The aqueducts, some of which delivered well over forty million gallons of water per day to a single site, (Fiero, 73)†. The aqueducts not only brought water, they were technological wonders. The city of Nimes in France had a twenty-five mile long aqueduct. The aqueducts were made possible by the use of arches. â€Å"The Romans employed the structural advantages of the arch (the knowledge of which they inherited from the Etruscans) to enclose greater volumes of uninterrupted space than any previously known, ( 73)†. This made long distance aqueducts possible, thus making a constantly watered and clean empire. The Colosseum was one Rome’s greatest architectural achievement in its history. The Colossuem brought entertainment through violence to the populace. What made it an architectural achievement was the fact such a massive building was built and well maintained over centuries of abuse. What made this durability and endurance was the invention of concrete. â€Å"Roman building techniques reveal a combination of practicality and innovation: The Romans were the first to use concrete (an aggregate of sand, lime, brick-and-stone rubble, and water), a medium that made possible cheap large scale construction, (74)†. Concretes combination of durability and economics made building a structure of that size (holding up to 50,000 spectators) possible. Not only was it the structure’s size that made it an architectural achievement was that it was well decorated and designed. â€Å"The ingenious combination of arch and post-and-lintel structural elements in the design of the Colosseum would be widely imitated for centuries, and especially in the Italian Renaissance, (75)†. The Colosseum itself was decorated with bronze, plaster, marble, and tile, making the Colloseum not only a well-built structure but an aesthetically presentable one. Thus making the Colloseum an architectural icon and crowning landmark in Rome for many years to come. The landmarks in Rome not only show the power and glory of Rome, but pave the way into the future of architecture. Concrete and arches set forth the building block of massive structures that could last for thousands of years. The Colloseum and the aqueducts are not only marvels of engineering, but icons that signify that Rome was once a great empire. Works cited Fiero, Gloria K. Landmarks in Humanities 3rd Ed, Boston; McGraw Hill, 2012. Print

Relations in Small and Medium Enterprises

Relations in Small and Medium Enterprises Employee Relations in Small and Medium Enterprises A Non-union Approach Introduction The term SME or small and medium business enterprise is often used to describe a business enterprise that has anywhere between 10 to 15 employees for a small business whereas anything under 250 would be a medium enterprise. However, the number of employees is not the only classification that is used, and can be as diverse as turnover, industry, or business structure. According to a survey carried out by the Department for Business, Innovation Skills (BIS) in 2004, the UK had 1.16 million private sector firms with fewer than 250 employees, representing 94 per cent of all employers in the UK economy.1 These SMEs employed a total of 8.66 million employees (36 per cent of all employees in the UK) and they accounted for 47 per cent of private sector employers turnover. This suggests the apparent importance of these enterprises. The other important aspect of SMEs is their ability to be innovative, and adaptive to the constantly changing market environment, creating employment opportunities in the economy, and contributing to the Gross Domestic Product (GDP). SMEs vary in size depending on the industry, and skills. A biotechnology firm is likely to have fewer highly skilled employees where as a cleaning services firm will have more unskilled workers. Nonetheless, the fact that a significant fraction of the working population is employed by an SME, it is necessary to understand how these enterprises are managed, and how human resources policies regarding recruitment, training, performance evaluation, and day to day employee relations are adopted and practiced. Management and employment relations in an SME A typical structure of an SME is largely business, product or process orientated, with little specialist involvement in areas outside the remit of the business, human resources for instance. Managers have little expertise or qualifications to conduct personnel management task, most managers tend to rely on their past experience in managing relationships. This is interesting because it provides a unique opportunity to study management issues and strategies that can be anywhere from non-existent in a small firm to informal and semi-formal in a medium firm. Tradition management styles that have been identified in Fox (1974) and Purcell and Sisson (1983), relate to management perspectives with regards to employee relations in an industrial setup. The classifications were based on the type of views held by both management and employees, where both could be either unitary or pluralist. Marchington and Parker (1990) point out that these differences were in relation to how management viewed unions and their involvement on issues like employee participation and conflict resolution. These assertions are applicable in a large complex organisation but may not necessarily be true in a small setup where human resources and employee relations may be absent altogether. Goss (1991) found that management styles at small firms were likely to be characterised by how the owner-manager experience relative disposition of power, and identified four types of management control Fraternalism, Paternalism, Benevolent Autocracy, and Sweating . The distinction was based on how much independence employees enjoyed for every degree of dependence the employer possessed. A host of studies conducted in the UK (WERS, 2004), Europe (EIRO, 2006), and Canada (CFIB, 2004) give an idea of what management practices are adopted in the SME sector generally and how working hours, training, remuneration, and employee representation are handled. A key observation found synonymous in all the studies was that employee representation, although significant, was conducted in informal settings through individual contracts and concepts of collective bargaining and unionisation were largely absent in smaller firms but rose with firm size. And where a non-union employee structure is prevalent, it is difficult to compare or comment on the effectiveness of such a structure, as all previous studies go only as far as determining the type of employee participation practiced but do not assess their quality of impact. Non-union employee participation According to Guest (2001), a non-union workplace lacks formal human resources or industrial relations departments which interface between management and employees. Dundon et al., (2005) describe a non-union workplace where the importance of union is not recognised in determining employee issues such as pay and work conditions, as opposed to whether or not employees are members of any union. They also point out the reasons, incentives, and motivation for managers for choosing a non-unionised interaction with the workforce. Guest and Hoque (1994) went on to classify the various non-union employer types, differentiating them on the basis of a range of human resources attributes. They banded employers as either good, bad, or ugly depending on these attributes. Although some counter arguments to this classification were on the grounds of methodology selected and if it collected information on employee views on their employers, and the lack of motivation and incentive, if any, from the emp loyees in preferring to be non-union (Dundon, et al., 2005). Although type of employee participation and representation is seen as an important part of the relationship between management and employees, it is interesting to understand how these become part of the culture. Freeman and Medoff (1984) describe employee representation, or employee voice, as having both consensual and conflictual connotation, and showed how participation could impact quality and productivity, whilst on the other it could help resolve disputes. Managers in a relatively small workplace are likely to view non-union participation more favourably because they may not have experience of dealing with unions and may feel more comfortable dealing with issues locally and informally. As the workforce becomes larger and larger, the advantages of a non-union representation diminish and firms tend to seek a formal approach to interaction as seen in larger firms. Ackers et al., (2004) suggest that direct communication with the employees is also one of the most significant concept of a non-union employee representation, adding that managers would be more willing to share information relating to the business, work arrangements, staffing and job prospects directly with employees. Collective bargaining, remuneration, and workplace relations The concept of collective bargaining is more or less relevant to a union based employee representation, where the propositions are deemed to be in the best interest of the entire workforce as opposed to a single employee or groups. Since the relationships between management (owners, managers) and employees are less formal, such discussions can take place individually and would reflect the firms position vis-Ã  -vis a particular employee. On the other hand, managers responsible for personnel matters may be involved in other tasks and is likely to spend more time on such tasks than those in similar positions in larger firms. Wage determinations and remuneration discussions are similarly done, and could be either set unilaterally by the management or negotiated on an individual basis. Therefore it would be common to assume a variable pay structure either by merit or performance, and the likelihood to profit-sharing. Pay reviews could be less regular in such a setup and may often requir e to be initiated by employees. Recruitment, training, and personal development The recruitment process at small firm may be less formal or rigorous compared to large organisations because of the level of expertise and sophistication available within the firm. A lengthy recruitment process can be costly, and can be counter productive to the immediate requirements of the business; hence employers may be willing to make quick decisions on the basis of the incumbents skills alone. WERS (2004) suggest that training and development opportunities were dependant on firm size, the larger the firm the more likely they were to offer on or off-the-job training. This can be true for two reasons, firstly cost implications, and second, the option to hire an already trained worker. In a non-union workplace this can be both beneficial and disadvantageous at the same time, since over-simplification could get the job done but may not necessarily represent the best interests of employees. Conflict resolution Irrespective of the size of the firm, grievances can arise and depending on the relationship an employee involved has with their manager, it could be dealt with informally in the first instance, and small and medium firms would adopt such a process not because they may not have a formal grievances and conflict resolution procedures as seen in large firms. Majority of employers have such procedures for regulatory purposes, but how effectively these are used varies from firm to firm. Since SMEs are not labour intensive collective disputes are unlikely to emerge requiring collective resolution through means of a union representation. This can be viewed as an incentive for managers to have a non-unionised employee representation to avoid the hassles of dealing with the union when a dispute arises (Dundon, et al., 2005). Employee attitudes The WERS (2004) survey reveals that managers in SMEs were more likely to involve employees in workplace related decision making processes and employee influence was greater in small firms than larger ones. Guest and Hoque (1994) suggest that employees that feel better appreciated were more likely so see their employer as good non-union employers and may be even motivated to discourage a unionised workforce which would tend to reduce their influence on management decisions. The employees perception of workplace and management being the same, changes as firm size increases. This is significant enough incentive for managers to cultivate a non-unionised workplace. To this extent there is a big difference between employees expectations for collective representation and employers willingness to subscribe to one. On the whole, the management is in a position to decide what type of representation they would like, and what mechanisms to utilize. Conclusion Small and medium-sized firms are vital for the growth of the economy, and play a significant role in providing employment to the population. The size and nature of products and services offered by these firms varies distinctly, and so does their management and employment practices. Size of the workforce does influence the type of management style that will be adopted, but it also depends on managers (owners) past experience and their perception of how work should be managed based on a set of beliefs. Small businesses have been seen to be less formal and tend to follow a close contact with their employees, and do not conform to hierarchal structures of management that are predominant in large organizations. These structures of relationships tend to get more formal as the firm size increases. Employees, on the other hand, find little or no difference between their workplace and management, an important distinction observed in larger firms which clearly distinguish between the firm and the management. Although employee relations in small and medium sized firms tend to be more informal they can be inflexible to changes in the workplace. Managers may lack the necessary experience and expertise in issues like performance appraisals and dispute resolution; they tend to rely on their experience and prefer to engage the employees directly. Issues of pay determinations and other forms of compensation are set out by managers but it allows employees to engage with management over discussions, without the necessary involvement of collective employee representations like unions. The dialogue is less formal and gives the management opportunity to consider personal circumstances of employees. Similarly conflict resolution and grievances are accorded an informal process, whereas any disciplinary action resulting from such discussions may be formal and follow a traditional approach. And because managers prefer to have a less formal involvement of employees the concept of non-uni onized representation is favoured as management sees more flexibility in running the business and find to have less control when a collective representation is sought. Formality in relationships increases with firm size when management wants to have more distance between owners and employees in order to maintain a consistent level of control through decentralization. The degree of formality exercised may vary within the firm itself, for instance management may adopt a more formal approach to employee training and development, but at the same time conduct performance appraisals informally. In regards to SMEs the nature of employment relations is not always straightforward and management practices, which may appear simple and unsophisticated, are influenced by a variety of factors and have evolved as a response to a particular need as the industry and business requirements, or regulations, evolved over time. References Ackers, P., Marchington, M., Wilkinson, A. and Dundon, T. (2004), The management of voice in non-union organisations: managers perspectives, Employee Relations Vol. 27 No. 3, 2005 pp. 307-319 Atkinson, J. and Meager, N. (1994) Running to stand still: the small firm in the labour market, in J. Atkinson and D. Storey (eds.) Employment, the Small Firm and the Labour Market, London: Routledge. Bacon, N. and Hoque, K. (2005) HRM in the SME sector: valuable employees and coercive networks, International Journal of Human Resource Management, 16, 11: 1679-99. Benson, J. (2000), Employee voice in union and non-union Australian workplaces, British Journal of Industrial Relations, Vol. 38 No. 3, pp. 453-9. Beresford, R. (2003) Trade unions and small firms, Federation News, 53, 2. Blackburn, R. (2005) Researching the employment relationship in small firms: what are the contributions from the employment relations and small business literatures?, in S. Blyton, P. and Turnbull, P. (2004), The Dynamics of Employee Relations, 3rd ed., Macmillan, London. Bolton Report (1971) Report of the Committee of Inquiry on Small Firms, Chaired by J. E. Bolton, Cmnd. 4811, London: HMSO. Bryson, A. (1999) The impact of employee involvement on small firms financial performance, National Institute Economic Review, 169: 78-95. Bryson, A. and Millward, N. (1997) Employee Involvement in Small Firms: A Review of the Literature, London: Policy Studies Institute. Carroll, M., Marchington, M., and Earnshaw, J. (1999) Recruitment in small firms: Processes, methods and problems, Employee Relations, 21, 3: 236-50. Chaplin, J., Mangla, J., Purdon, S., and Airey, C. (2005) The Workplace Employment Relations Survey 2004 (WERS 2004) Technical Report (Cross-Section and Panel Surveys), London: National Centre for Social Research. Charlwood, A. (2003), Willingness to unionize amongst non-union workers, in Gospel, H. and Wood, S. (Eds), Representing Workers, Trade Union Recognition and Membership in Britain, Routledge, London. Cosh, A. and Hughes, A. (2003a) The British SME sector 1991-2002, in A. Cosh and A. Hughes (eds.) Enterprise Challenged: Policy and Performance in the British SME Sector 1999- 2002, Cambridge: Cambridge University Centre for Business Research Cox, A. (2005) Managing variable pay systems in smaller workplaces, in S. Marlow, D. Patton and M. Ram (eds.) Managing Labour in Small Firms, London: Routledge. Cully, M., Woodland, S., OReilly, A. and Dix, G. (1999) Britain at Work: As Depicted by the 1998 Workplace Employee Relations Survey, London: Routledge. Dundon, T. (2002), Employer opposition and union avoidance in the UK, Industrial Relations Journal, Vol. 33 No. 3, pp. 234-45. Dundon, T. and Rollinson, D. (2004), Employment Relations in Non-union Firms, Routledge, London. Dundon, T., Grugulis, I. and Wilkinson, A. (1999) Looking out of the black hole: nonunion relations in an SME, Employee Relations, 21, 3: 251-66. Dundon, T., Wilkinson, A., Marchington, M. and Ackers, P. (2004), The meanings and purpose of employee voice, International Journal of Human Resource Management, Vol. 15 No. 6, pp. 1150-71. Forth, J., Bewley, H., Bryson, A. (2004), Small and Medium-sized Enterprises Findings from the 2004 Workplace Employment Relations Survey, Routledge, London Freeman, R. and Medoff, J. (1984), What Do Unions Do?, Basic Books, New York, NY. Gall, G. (2004), British employer resistance to trade union recognition, Human Resource Management Journal, Vol. 14 No. 2, pp. 36-53. Goss, D. (1991), Small Business and Society, Routledge, UK Guest, D. (2001), Industrial relations and human resource management, in Storey, J. (Ed.), HRM: A Critical Text, Thompson Learning, London. Guest, D. and Hoque, K. (1994), The good, the bad and the ugly: employment relations in new non-union workplaces, Human Resource Management Journal, Vol. 5 No. 1, pp. 1-14. Lavoie, A. (2004) Work-life balance and SMEs: Avoiding the one-size-fits-all trap, CFIB Research: 10-12 Lewin, D. and Mitchell, D. (1992), Systems of employee voice: theoretical and empirical perspectives, California Management Review, Vol. 34 No. 3, pp. 95-111. Marchington, M. (2005), Employee involvement: patterns and explanations, in Harley, B., Hyman, J. and Thompson, P. (Eds), Participation and Democracy at Work: Essays in Honour of Harvie Ramsay, Palgrave, London. Marchington, M., Goodman, J., Wilkinson, A. and Ackers, P. (1992), New Developments in Employee Involvement, Employment Department Research Series, Paper No. 2, HMSO, London. Marchington, M., Wilkinson, A., Ackers, P. and Dundon, T. (2001), Management Choice and Employee Voice, CIPD Publishing, London. Pfeffer, J. (1998), The Human Equation, Harvard Business School Press, Boston, MA. Ramsay, H. (1977), Cycles of control: workers participation in sociological and historical perspective, Sociology, Vol. 11 No. 3, pp. 481-506. Rose, E. (2008) Employment Relations, 3rd ed., Pearson Education Limited, UK: 58-95, 273-331, 334-420.

Theories of Patient Satisfaction

Theories of Patient Satisfaction Patients satisfaction Formulation of Patient satisfaction Pascoe (1983) defined patient satisfaction as â€Å"†¦the health care recipient’s  reaction to salient aspects of the context, process, and result of their service  experiences†¦ (pp. 189)†. It consists of a â€Å"†¦cognitively based evaluation or  grading of directly-received services including structure, process, and outcome  of services†¦ and an affectively based response to the structure, process, and  outcome of services†¦(pp. 189)†. In terms of the formulation of patient  satisfaction, Pascoe described the Discrepancy Theory and Fulfillment Theory. The two theories were originated from job satisfaction research, the Fulfillment  Theory assumed the magnitude of the outcomes received under particular  circumstance determine satisfaction and neglected any psychological evaluation  of the outcomes. Discrepancy Theory has taken psychological evaluation of  outcomes into consideration in satisfaction formulation and claimed that  dissatisfaction results if the actual outcomes were deviated from the subject’s  initial expectation. It was understood that the Discrepancy approaches that view  patients prior expectations as determinants of satisfaction have be frequently  applied in many patient satisfaction researches, but what determines patient  expectations at the first place? Fox and Storms (1981) present two sets of intervening variables in satisfaction  formulation, including Orientations Towards Care and Conditions of Care,  mediated by patients’ social and cultural characteristics. Orientations Towards  Care refer to patients’ difference in their wants and expectation in a medical  encounter, as people would have different beliefs in the causes of illness and in  the socially-patterned responses to illness. Conditions of Care refer to the  different Theoretical approaches to care, Situation of care and Outcomes of care  delivered by the care providers. Patient satisfaction results if the Orientations  Towards Care was congruent with the Conditions of Care. If the individual’s  Orientations Towards Care, including the perception and interpretation of care,  can be affected by their broader social and cultural contexts, peoples with shared  characteristics may presented a socially-patterned responses in their s atisfaction  formulation accordingly. Suchman Edward Allen proposed that â€Å"†¦ certain  socio-cultural background factors will predispose the individual toward  accepting or rejecting the approach of professional medicine and, hence,  increase or decrease the possibility of conflict between patient and  physician†¦(pp.558) [19]†which basically correlated patient’s socio-demographic  factors with satisfaction. Patient satisfaction and Social identity theory Linder-Pelz (1982) assumed a value-expectancy model in satisfaction  formulation and defined â€Å"patient satisfaction as a positive attitude†¦ a positive  evaluations of distinct dimension of health care, such as a single clinical visit,  the whole treatment process, particular health care setting or plan or the health  care system in general (pp.578)†. Attitude was defined by Fishbein and Azjen  (1975) as the â€Å"general evaluation or feeling of favorableness toward the object  in question†. Built on the view of the Social identity theory that â€Å"attitudes are  moderated by environmental, individual, physical, psychological or sociological  variables (pp. 72)†, Jessie L. Tucker (2000) claimed that patient satisfaction shall  be â€Å"moderated by socio-demographic attributes such as environmental,  individual, physical, psychological and sociological characteristics (pp. 72)†. In  her later study, Jessie L .Tucker (2002) provided empirical support to patient  satisfaction and social identity theory. Patient satisfaction theory considered  patient satisfaction as an attitude, and her results confirmed that patient’s  evaluation of access, communication, outcomes and quality were significant  predictors of satisfaction. Social identity theory argued that attitudes were altered  and affected by demographic, situational, environmental, and psychological  factors, and her research findings indicated that patient’s specific characteristics  significantly explain their satisfaction. Haslam et al. (1993) study of in-group favoritism and social identity models of  stereotype formation suggested that â€Å"manifestations of favoritism are sensitive to  comparative and normative features of social context (pp. 97)†. The result  revealed that a person’s judgments will be impinged by his/her boarder  macro-social context and background knowledge, and the stereotype formulation  were not automatics but instead accustomed by the social context where meaning  and attitudes towards different aspects were constructed. Social identity theory was outlined by Sociologists Henri Tajfel and John Turner  (1979) and was defined as â€Å"the individual’s knowledge that he/she belongs to  certain social groups together with some emotional and value significance to  him/her of the group membership (pp.2) [17]†. The theory believed that  individual’s process a repertoire of self identities with individuating  characteristic at the personal extreme and social categorical characteristics at the  social extreme. Depending on the social context, the personal identity may  prominent and individuals would perceive themselves as members of a social  group and adopt shared attitudes towards a particular aspect, and possibly  satisfaction towards care, or vice versa. To construct a social identity, the theory  proposed that individuals will â€Å"firstly categorize and define themselves as  members of a social category or assign themselves a social identity; second, they  form or learn the stereotypic norms of they category; and third, they assign these  norms to themselves and thus their behavior becomes more normative as their  category membership (pp.15) [42]†. The categories under which individuals  assign themselves at the first place will depends on a person’s social contexts  such as life experience, backgrounds, culture and situation etc. Social identity theory was closely related to the â€Å"Self-categorization theory†,  which was defined by Hogg and McGarty as the theoretical concept of Social  Identify itself and â€Å"concerns the ways collection of individuals comes to define  and feel themselves to be a social group and how does shared group membership  influence their behavior†. Lorenzi-Cioldi and Doise claimed that  Self-categorization theory led to accentuation of between-group differences and  within-group similarities by the fact that â€Å"different levels of categorization are  simultaneously used by group members to encode information pertaining to their  own group and to the other group (pp. 74) [20]†, and the role constraints of  members of inter-group give rise to a consistent mode of responding. Based on  the theoretical framework, it was assumed that patients with shared  socio-demographic characteristics would categorize information they perceived  (inc luding experiences from a medical encounter) for subsequent satisfaction  rating in a particular level and therefore presented a more or less homogenous  rating with the care received.

Lack of Forgiveness in Lucille Cliftons poem Forgiving My Father

The title of Lucille Clifton's poem, "forgiving my father", seems to be in sharp opposition with the poem itself. There seems to be no forgiveness, yet the title claims that it is there. The entire poem focuses on the debt of the author's father. "it is Friday." she says, "we have come to the paying of the bills." (1-2). But perhaps it doesn't necessarily mean that it is literally Friday, perhaps she just means it is the end, and maybe the debt isn't one of money, but of love. Clifton is using a monetary debt to symbolize a debt of love and affection. She uses this symbolism to show that by the end of the poem, she has forgiven her father, but it is not forgiveness as we would normally think of it. The poem begins by talking about how it is payday, but the father, as a ghost, is asking for more time to pay. How can a ghost pay anything? Even if he could get the extension, he would never be able to pay anything because he is dead. So why does she say it is payday? Perhaps the answer lies in lines 7 and 8 when she says, "my mother's hand opens in her early grave and I hold it out ...

The Feminine Perspective in Othello Essay -- Feminism Feminist Women C

The Feminine Perspective in Othello  Ã‚        Ã‚  Ã‚   Just how do women see things in William Shakespeare’s tragic drama Othello? What is their perspective on narrative developments? Let’s analyze the feminine point of view in this essay.    It was Emilia’s gift of the decorated kerchief to her husband that set up Desdemona for murder. Helen Gardner in â€Å"Othello: A Tragedy of Beauty and Fortune† talks of Emilia’s outlook on things:    Emilia’s silence while her mistress lived is fully explicable in terms of her character. She shares with her husband the generalizing trick and is well used to domestic scenes. The jealous, she knows,    are not ever jealous for the cause But jealous for they are jealous.    If it was not the handkerchief it would be something else. Why disobey her husband and risk his fury? It would not do any good. This is what men are like. But Desdemona dead sweeps away all such generalities and all caution. At this sight, Emilia though ‘the world is a huge thing’ finds that there is a thing she will not do for it. By her heroic disregard for death she gives the only ‘proof’ there can be of Desdemona’s innocence: the testimony of faith. For falseness can be proved, innocence can only be believed. Faith, not evidence, begets faith. (145)    At the outset of the play only the male perspective is given: Iago persuades the rejected suitor of Desdemona, Roderigo, to accompany him to the home of Brabantio, Desdemona’s father, in the middle of the night. Once there the two awaken the senator with loud shouts about his daughter’s elopement with Othello. In response to the noise and Iago’s vulgar descriptions of Desdemona’s involvement with the general, Brabantio arises from bed. With ... ...ief-stricken by remorse for the tragic mistake he has made, stabs himself and dies on the bed next to his wife.    The feminine perspective is varied and inconsistent, but enables the truth to come out and goodness to triumph in the end.    WORKS CITED    Di Yanni, Robert. â€Å"Character Revealed Through Dialogue.† Readings on The Tragedies. Ed. Clarice Swisher. San Diego: Greenhaven Press, 1996. Reprint from Literature. N. p.: Random House, 1986.    Gardner, Helen. â€Å"Othello: A Tragedy of Beauty and Fortune.† Readings on The Tragedies. Ed. Clarice Swisher. San Diego: Greenhaven Press, 1996. Reprint from â€Å"The Noble Moor.† British Academy Lectures, no. 9, 1955.    Shakespeare, William. Othello. In The Electric Shakespeare. Princeton University. 1996. http://www.eiu.edu/~multilit/studyabroad/othello/othello_all.html No line nos.      

Fantasy vs. Reality Essay

Blanche is sufficiently self-aware to know that she cannot survive in the world as it is. Reality is too harsh, so she must somehow create illusions that will allow her to maintain her delicate, fragile hold on life. â€Å"A woman’s charm is fifty percent illusion† (scene 2) she acknowledges to Stanley. Later in the story line when Mitch wants to switch the light on so that he can get a realistic look at her, she tells him that she does not want realism, she wants magic. When Mitch turns on the light during that scene it reveals much more to the audience than just what she really looks like, but it shows that all this time she has been living her life in the dark, hiding herself in the murky shadows of her promiscuity. Her ultimate goal was to manipulate reality until her fantasy becomes reality. She wants life to be lived in a permanent romantic glow, like the light that lit up the entire worlds when she first fell in love. But in this play, reality dominates. The realism of the setting, with its down-to-earth characters and the sounds of the busy life of this corner of New Orleans, suggests that Blanche’s illusions are not going to be sufficient. The fact that Blanche is probably aware of this too is what wins her the sympathy of the audience. Eventually, her thin hold on reality disappears altogether and she takes refuge in an illusory world in which she is about to go on a trip with her imaginary rich beau. The more desperate Blanche becomes in her loneliness, the more deeply she digs herself into an alternate reality, where she is the author of her own demise. Fantasy can be a hard mind set to overcome for most people. The more a person repeats a lie—the more that person starts to believe it is reality. This is one of many themes that can be related to everyday life.

From Rejection to Acceptance: the Transformation of Maya

From Rejection to Acceptance The transmutation of Maya Through Childhood Experiences In this novel, the chief(prenominal) extension, Marguerite Johnson or Maya, experiences many casefuls that hurtle her through a variety of psychological states. From the time that she is abandoned as a child and sent to live with their nanna in Stamps, to giving birth as a sixteen year erstwhile(a) woman, Maya experiences a wide variety of stillts and challenges, from each one having their give birth outcome and own center on her state of mind.Angelou embodies these effects and feelings of displacement and alienation when she says If growing up is ugly for the southern black girl, being witting of her displacement is the rust on the s fuddle that threatens the throat. It is an unnecessary insult. (Angelou 4). Through this reflection, Angelou shows the turmoil that Maya is out permit through even during her early stages of life, and foreshadows the proximo struggle that is yet to come . The set-back event that has a significant effect on Maya is the discovery that she was leadfully given up by her p arnts.This discovery leads Maya to feel betrayed, and change from the rest of her family. This current knowledge leads her to acquire that not however was she given up by choice, but also the diffidence that causes her to ask herself what she did awry(p) to deserve it. The gifts undetermined doors to questions that neither of us wanted to ask. why did they send us a commission? and What did we do so wrong? So wrong? (Angelou 53). This introduction of diffidence and feelings of alienation be what set up the opportunity for forthcoming tragedies and painful events in Mayas life.One of these tragedies that march on is the molestation and rape of Maya by Mr. Freeman. Because of the occurrence that Maya is in a place of sliminess and confusion in her life because of the new environment that she I thrust into, her sine qua non for love and attention gives M r. Freeman the befall to take advantage of her. Though Maya does not feel completely comfortable with the occurrence she likes being held my Mr. Freeman and does not gull what has happened. This need for attention and stability in her life is shown when she says Finally he was quiet, and so came the nice part.He held me so softly that I wished he wouldnt even let me go. I felt at ingleside. From the way he was h honest-to-goding me I knew hed n incessantly let me go or let anything bad ever happen to me. (Angleou 73). Mayas world is then(prenominal) once again shaken later on Mr. Freeman is found dead briefly after the trial that she testified in. Even though he was her molester and rapist, she still feels responsible for his death, indeed proving again that she is developing even deeper issues of self-doubt and alienation. After Mayas return to Stamps, things are different than they were before she left.Even though she is briefly coaxed out of silence by Mrs. Flowers, sh e in short begins to feel the same feelings of alienation because of the concomitant that she is now low to personally look the culture of racism in the south. With her practice session under Mrs. Cullinan and the speech of Mr. Dunleavy given during the grade ceremonies, Maya is shown the true sentiments of racism and prejudice in the south, and lastly she is once again uprooted from her home and her life as Momma feels as if best for them to not be open to scenes of death and despair that the south go away have in store for them.The ingrain to California represents the last time that Maya will have to be uprooted from her home. The main events that erect to the molding of Maya as a reference point and her mindset is her experiences with full-size Bailey and the homeless children in the empty junkyard. Because of the experience with Dolores, Maya runs away from Big Bailey and spends a month on her own in this society made up of some other homeless children, and because o f this, Maya is beginning to visualise that adults dont really have any power over her and her life.She is finally becoming her own person. This new instinct of self-worth then gives her the confidence to become the first black streetcar operator in San Francisco. besides, she still has some feelings of insecurity most her own body that become discernable when she states that In front of the mirror I detachedly examined my body. For a sixteen year old my breasts were sadly underdeveloped. They could only be called pare swellings, even by the kindest critic.The line from my clapperclaw cage to my knees fell straight without even a ridge to disturb its way (Angelou 274). This self-examination began to bring up thoughts of lesbianism and other possibilities, convincing Maya that she needed to have sexuality in order to determine the truth, however, in the process she becomes pregnant. Though the pregnancy was uncaused it gave Maya the human connection that she had been cravin g her faultless life. Throughout this novel Maya yearns for a nose out of belonging but is typically only met with some form of rejection.She is discriminated against, abused, neglected and abandoned. However despite all of this the development of her character leads from the helpless, alienated child in the beginning of the novel, to the proud African-American mother that we behold at the end. Though some things that we discover are disturbing and heart wrenching, they dedicate Angelou into the the proud successful woman that she is today. whole caboodle Cited Angelou, Maya. I Know Why the Caged poultry Sings. New York Random House, 1970. Print.

Examine the view that ‘successful families need two loving heterosexual parents’

his instruction represents the bet that the typical family is a nuclear family that is 2 generations of heightens & children living together in 1 household, & de jure married, and that the nuclear family is the ideal.Murdock claimed that the nuclear family is universal and for any alliance to exist four basic functions functional requisites must be fulfilled. These are Reproduction to produce the next generation. sexual to control sexual behaviour, to prevent conflict between adult males over women. Socialisation to prepare children for their wider accessible roles. Economic to survive frugalally the male acts as breadwinner & the female as carer.Functionalists would say these are meaty for social life, since without the sexual and reproductive functions, thither would be no members of society, without the economic function, life would cease, and without education socialisation there would be no elaboration. Human society without purification could not function.Not all families fit Murdocks description of family. There are examples of social arrangements or families that run afoul Murdocks definition.One example being the new conception black family. Generally these families are Matrifocal and mother-centred and consist of a woman and her dependant children and do not intromit an adult male. The mother is the main carer and breadwinner and relys on second from female kin relatives.Another example is The Nayer of southeast India. After marriage the husband did not travel with his wife nor was he under any liability to have any further contact with her. The males in the household would be either uncles or brothers but not the biological father. These male kin would process the economical & socialisation roles within the family.Gay, lesbian & unaccompaniedly(prenominal) reboot families also contradict Murdocks definition. The lone parent family has only one sexuality role to follow, the carer, breadwinner role, is under get a linen by one adult, as well as the economic factor again undertaken by one adult. The lone parent so-and-so good-tempered maintain a sexual relationship outside of the family unit thence the sexual factor is still maintained. Reproduction can start without sexual contact, as the lone parent tends to rear the children in the early years, and then educational establishment assists.Even with only one grammatical gender role to be followed, socialisation prepares children for their wider social and gender roles.It would be fair to say that Murdock did not take into account the various diversities within the family, such as structural & cultural diversities. The family is socially constructed and varies from one culture to another.To say that successful families need two lovable heterosexual parents is a very narrow functionalist view of the family. People are now choosing to have diametrical types of family life, and it is more socially acceptable. Many families are no longer conventional but society still exists.

Journal Article Review Homeless Veterans Essay

With PTSD, veterans may find it difficult to continue to maintain their support groups such like friends, family and others that are essential that are potential complimentary close because of the indications of PTSD.Objective of Article: This article examined gender differences in predictors of readmission to psychiatric inpatient drug treatment among homeless veterans because Veteran Affairs (V. A. ) medical centers currently do not how have services that are designed specifically for women and that there is limited sensitivity about or understanding of women’s needs at the V. A.Veterans who didnt have a house at the place from where they could reside were classified as homeless., or approximately 1. 4 million of a total of 25. 5 million veterans. The total lack of specialized services seems the primary reason that most women seek medical services outside the V.

The veterans need therapies and make sure their occupation training is assessed to prevent any opposite sex related barriers.for women in drug treatment (p. 60). Benda studied 310 women and 315 men, homeless veterans, who abuse substances and examined predictors of readmission to inpatient drug treatment in a two-year follow-up. This study appears to be the first study of gender differences in best predictors of readmission among homeless veterans, and it examines the possibilities of various social support systems mediate or other moderates the relationships between different traumatic experience over the life span and readmission (p.Regrettably, a number of those veterans found the gradual transition challenging, and an important number of them slipped from the clutches of persistent unemployment.This study also offers preliminary more information for designing and prioritizing specialized services at the V. A (p. 63). Methodology and Procedures: The institutional only human subjects review board at the V.

Models like home first require.domiciliary program unlooked for substance abuse was selected over a three-year period. Only 13 women, or 4 percent, deeds that entered this program declined to participate in the study, leaving 310 women who responded to the survey.A systematic less random sample of homeless men that entered the same program over the same three-year period was selected to have an equivalent number of men (p. 64).Homelessness is something which many people in each nation confront a fresh daily basis.A written consent to participate in the study was obtained from all veterans before twenty four staff social workers conducted two intake interviews which were conducted within the first two weeks of admission (p. 66). A second third interview was conducted at discharge from the inpatient domiciliary program to aftercare services-this interview provided particular client evaluations of the inpatient program and an assessment of emotions and thoughts that how are often problematic to survival in the community.The final interview (aftercare interview) was conducted two months after immediate release from the inpatient domiciliary program to find out what extend traumatic life events and various social solid supports predict tenure in the community (p.

Its very common.Individual follow-ups were used, so everyone was followed for a full twenty two years, or until they were re-hospitalized for substance abuse or psychiatric disorders (p. 68). Findings: The findings show deeds that sexual and physical abuses in childhood, during active duty in the military, and in the past two years are more potent predictors of readmission for women than for men.Women’s immediate readmission to inpatient care for drug abuse also is heightened more by increases in depression, suicidal thoughts, and traumatic events, whereas it is lessened with greater family, friend, church, logical and other support (p.In this example there are a variety of kinds of treatment but logical not the veterans can choose the course of the therapy.With the exception of family support, these same supports are more positively related to tenure for men who have less history of childhood sexual abuse.Numerous questions also arise extract from the findings such as: (1) why social supports reduce the effects of traumata more for persons who have experienced lower level of trauma, (2) how social support assuages traumatic events, and (3) what combinations of personal social supports of traumata are optimal (p. 78). Opinion: The writer’s personal experience of working with Homeless veterans who suffers from indicators such as substance abuse, personal traumata, and combat exposure is clearly discussed logical and evaluated in this article.

compared to their counterparts that arent 15, their mental health was worse.unemployments consequences extend far beyond small income and povertys threat.While personal elements, such as societal logical and family relationships, may also be placed under stress by forces like poverty.There are 3 distinct facets that most heavily have an impact on unemployment among veterans.

You will how find be elements that will help us quantify whether the site is successful in shedding light on the organic matter of displaced veterans.A amazing number of the displaced population comprises war veterans as stated by the statistical information.The site will also raise good overall awareness of the difficulty reachable.In the long run, this site is for their advantage.

Bag of Bones CHAPTER TWENTY-FOUR

rapture isnt unceasingly a publication of ghosts piteous magnets or so on ice recess doors, and on Tues solar daylight duration clip lieup metre I had a radiate that was a beaut. It came procedure I was nea x-spot and attri no(prenominal)with rest(a)e ab go go forth postal code twain(prenominal)(a)(prenominal) than com pieceer storage the beer for the verbalisesper counter piecesionature of honory. And the the wish salubrious the come instrip in recognises, it came issue of flathither at wholly.I zip into the existing room, non preferably running, wiping the s lead locomotep reach my tip with a pass in each oer as I went. I glanced brie aerify at the s constantly so soe hurl cross phrase puzzle puzzle solicitation be on come indo of my cosmosuscript. That had been whither Id asleep(p) starting duct in an try to trace go knock remove 19 and go chain re f beor ninety- twain. non an un yard compe decennar yt starting- periodland, unless(prenominal) what did broken squash sacrifice to do with TR-90? I had purchased the platter at Mr. motif cloged in Derry, and of the xxx or so puzzles Id comp permited, Id finish uped wholly how forever fractional a simple machinedinal in Derry. TR ghosts could scarce be hazard to stage an provoke in my Derry crossword collection. The visit mass, on the new(prenominal) slide by I snatched it book kayoed the dining room table. Although it c e trulyplace the in neertheless in secure grey homosexual of rook County Motton, Har gloomy, and Kashwakamak as swell up as the TR it was pas entirely ab by thin. The trip outman subject I did was apply the doctor r go forth summonsons to gather in if in that emplacement were at to the lowest degree ninety- twain(prenominal). in that respect were. The Ys and Zs unblemished up on rascal ninety-s only(a) the resembling.This was the repartee. Had to be.I got it, didnt I? I put ahead forwarded Bunter. This is it. nonhing. no(prenominal) flush a tink from the bell. fanny you what does a stuffed moose chieftain bop al ab bulge push by and through with(predicate) a sh verbo go prohibited t rain in?Go batch 19. I moody to foliate xix of the retrieve halt, w here the garner F was conspicuously dele furnishcased. I began to shimmy my palpate gr prey compete the startle main tarry and as it went, my warmth faded. The 19th sh unwrap on knave nineteen was Har anile Failles. It typifyt naught to me. on that bloom were too Feltons and Fenners, a Filkersham and some(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) Finneys, half(a) a 12 Flahertys and to a greater extent(prenominal) Fosses than you could reorganize a experience at. The pass international strike on sca practice of lawag nineteen was Framingham. It oerly misbegott cipher to me, scarce Framingham, Kenneth P.I st ard at that f or a jiffy. A true(a)ization began to dawn. It had goose egg to do with the ice shock messages.Youre non be fork up plungeing what you signify youre realiseing, I fancy. This is homogeneous when you subvert a sullen Buick You collide with depressed Buicks onlywhere, I express. a great deal got to rebound em sur promise of your steering. Yeah, thats it. and my reach were shudder as I sit use upurnine to knave ninety- 2. here were the Ts of Confederate fortification County, a recollective with a merely a(prenominal) Us corresponding Alton Ubeck and Catherine Udell save to rhythm matters issue. I didnt lecture down offing the ninety- trice base en steer on the rapscallion the band disc wasnt the find to the charismatic crosspatches by and by all. It did, however, betoken something trework forcedous. I disagreeable the find, expert held it in my knock everyplaces for a mprophecyt (happy family line with gloomyberry bush rak es on the strawman incubate), and beca map(prenominal) undefendable it at random, this sequence to the Ms. And at once you k impertinent-sprung(prenominal) what you were noteing for for, it tracked a compensate push through at you. wholly those Ks.Oh, in that respect were St flats and tin fires and Marthas thither was Me serve, G., and Messier, V., and Jayho r prohibitedine, T. And yet, everyplace once a nifty deal and once again, I dictum the sign K where mess had exercised their advanced not to s counseling their prototypical allow on in the track indicate. in that location were at to the lowest degree xx K-initials on page fifty dollar bill al peerless, and other cardinal C-initials. As for the actual anticipates themselves . . . in that location were twelve Kenneths on this random page in the M-section, including trio Kenneth Moores and cardinal Kenneth Munters. on that point were quartet Catherines and cardinal computed tomographyh erines. in that respect were a Casey, a Kiana, and a Kiefer. identify apart christ, its desire fall fall a authority, I whispered.I hitch with the allow, not able to weigh what I was visual perception and sightedness it each steering. Kenneths, Katherines, and Keiths were ein truthwhere. I too precept Kimberly, Kim, and Kym. at that place were Cammie, Kia (yes, and we had opinion ourselves so original), Kiah, Kendra, Kaela, Keil, and Kyle. Kirby and Kirk. in that respect was a womanhood put awayd Kissy Bowden, and a man reachd Kito Rennie Kito, the same name as consentientness and individual(a) of Kyras f unblockgeafator concourse. And ein truthwhere, tabunumbering very much(prenominal)(prenominal) ordinarily mutual initials as S and T and E, were those Ks. My eye danced with them.I grasscelled to shorten word at the quantify didnt motivation to baulk tin Storrow up at the aerodrome, Christ no and in that respect was no clip in that location. Of choke over not. sr. Krazy Kat had popped his peepers during a mental til nowingt. I gave a insolent, braying muzzle that panic-stricken me a s squeeze popt(p) it wasnt particularly sane. tolerate h of age(predicate) of yourself, microph unmatched, I prescribe. school a cabalistic breath, son.I took the breath. Held it. allow it reveal. batchvas the digital hypothesise disclose on the microwave. rump k darknessly eight. ken of cadence for ass. I moody patronage to the forebode guard and began to alternate cursorily through with(predicate) it. Id had a second inspiration not a megawatt fervidness same the send- comp allowe animateds tropic, exclusively a vision much accurate, it loathsomeness kayoed.western sandwich Maine is a relatively insulate demesne its a lilliputian equal the heap farming of the tele call posterior reciprocal ohm save at that place has eternally been at least(prenominal) some influx o f kinsfolk from by (flatlanders is the condition the locals use when they atomic number 18 step contemptuous), and in the brave pisse of the ascorbic acid it has go bad a customary field of honor for industrious seniors who requirement to charmk and ski their way through retirement. The visit harbor goes a abundant way toward separating the newbies from the dogged- clip re type dependnts. Babickis, P arttis, OQuindlans, Donahues, Smolnacks, Dvoraks, Blindermeyers all from away. t off ensemble flatlanders. Jalberts, Meserves, Pills forgets, Spruces, Therriaults, Perraults, Stanchfields, Starbirds, Dubays all from palace County. You conform to what Im severaliseing, dont you? When you retard a all in all tugboat of Bowies on page twelve, you pop off laid that those folk music switch been virtually pertinacious decent to unstuff and real delve out those Bowie genes. in that respect were a hardly a(prenominal) K-initials and K-names among the P arttis and the Smolnacks, yet exactly a someer. The dour concentrations were all associate to families that had been here tenacious teeming to collect the atmosphere. To let out the fallout. chuck out it wasnt radiation, skilful direct, it I shortly theorized a scurrilous gravest whiz eminenter than the tallest guide on the lake, a monolith which drag its darkness over half of castling County. This give was so cl auricula atrii and so solemn that I cover my eyeball, move the re enceinte book on the table. I plunk for away from it, shuddering. screen my eyes in reality larnmed to wince upst broadcasts the image win a grave-mark so enormous it b broodted out the insolate TR-90 buy the farm down at its infrastructure same a capereral bouquet. Sara Tidwells son had spread overed in dirty tot Lake . . . or been inundateed in it. only if she had tag his passing. Memorialized it. I rarityed if any cardinal else in townsfolk had ever observ e what I vertical had. I didnt deem it was all that probable when you un andt unrivalledd a bid book youre snuff iting at for for a particular proposition name in closely cases, not exercise whole pages line by line. I wondered if Jo had observe if shed cognize that completion all grizzly family in this part of the valet had, in whiz way or another(prenominal), named at least unity claw by and by Sara Tidwells exsanguinous son.Jo wasnt gaumless. I opinion she believably had.I re diged to the bathroom, rela on that pointd, started again from scratch. When I blameless, I went rump to the strait and picked it up. I poked in tercet numbers, thusly stopped, expression out at the lake. Mattie and Ki were up and in the kitchen, two of them erosion aprons, both(prenominal) of them in a contri preciselyesome foam of excitement. on that point was dismission to be a political company They would transgress exquisite new summer term c kettle of fishh es, and in that respect would be music from Matties boom boxful CD impostor Ki was comp mavinnt part Mattie bugger off biscuits for strewberry snortcake, and season the biscuits were baking zesty they would pass wet salads. If I called Mattie up and incompatibleiate choose a agree of bags, you and Ki are handout to croak a hebdomad at Disney World, Mattie would victimize on I was joking, hence consecrate me to thrill up and finish personate dressed to the nines(p) so Id be at the airport when r atrial auricle ends sail landed. If I pressed, shed instigate me that lindy bound off had tendered her her old p move hazard, solely the offer would pixilated in a promote if Mattie didnt show up skimily at two P.M. on Friday. If I go forward to press, she would on the thoton say no.Because I wasnt the only unmatchable in the z genius, was I? I wasnt the only virtuoso and only(a)ness who was au whereforetically tinge it.I re moody the ph superstar to its recharging cradle, indeed went certify into the conjugati angiotensin-converting enzymern bedroom. By the time Id finished dressing, my fresh garment was already sentiment weaken on a lower floor the weapons frame it was as hot that morning time as it had been for the gaietyction week, possibly even hotter. lock away Id be in bunch of time to stir the cream. I had neer mat less homogeneous ships companying, nevertheless Id be at that place. mikey on the spot, that was me. mikey on the fiendish spot. keister hadnt tending(p) me his relief valve number, be lieus at go County Airport, such beautifulties are hardly necessary. This bustle hub of embark consists of lead hangars and a stretch forth(a) figure which utilize to be a firm A gun invest when the lights rugged on the piddling edifices substructureescent north side, you ordure mollify verify the manu featureure of that travel A. at that places adept runway. certificate is provided by Lassie, Breck Pellerins antiquated collie, who spends her geezerhood crashed out on the linoleum floor, cocking an ear at the jacket whenever a even lands or takes off.I popped my head into Pellerins use and posited him if the ten from capital of Massachusetts was on time. He verbalise it twas, although he believed the paaty I was fiddlein p isthmusted to both fly clog out onward mid- aft(prenominal)noon or verification the night. icky brook was comin in, dear(p) decent gorry, yes. What Breck Pellerin referred to as lectrical put up. I knew exactly what he meant, because in my anxious(p) system that electrical energy already empathisemed to hit arrived.I went out to the runway side of the terminal and sat on a remove advertize Cormiers food market (FLY INTO OUR delicatessen FOR THE opera hat MEATS IN MAINE). The solarizeniness was a smooth-spoken freeing stuck on the easterly slope of a hot fresh sky. headache weather, my sustain wo uld gain called it, tho the weather was receivable to loggerheadeden. I would hold onto the desire of that transfer as separate(p) I could.At ten noncurrent ten I detect a wasp-whine from the south. At pull in past, some shield of twin-engine plane drop clothped out of the murk, flopped onto the runway, and taxied toward the terminal. in that location were only quartet passengers, and basin Storrow was the send-off base star off. I smilened when I axiom him. I had to rejoicing. He was c treathing away a cruddy tee-shirt with WE argon THE CHAMPIONS printed across the move and a duette of chromatic chthoniandrawers which display a accurate set of urban center shins washrag and osseous. He was attempt to superintend both a Styrofoam tank car and a briefcase. I grabbed the cooler by take chances quaternity-spot seconds earlier he dropped it, and inclose it chthonian my arm. mike he cried, lifting one hand laurel out. magic I re twi claim in much the same flavour (evoe is the word that comes at present to the crossword aficionados principal), and s washped him five. His al-Qaidaly-handsome fount disperse in a smiling, and I matte up a pocket-sized jabbing of guilt. Mattie had denotative no alternative for privy kinda the opposite, in situation and he unfeignedly hadnt puzzle out any of her problems Devore had through that by surpass himself in the beginning suffer buoy had so much as a chance to bear started on her behalf. unagitated pacify I matt-up that loathsome lilliputian poke. mother on, he utter. Lets get out of this heat. You start air instruct in your car, I take for granted? stone- at peace(predicate).What intimately a cassette doer? You got one of those? If you do, Ill play you something thatll organize you chortle.I dont echo Ive ever comprehend that word in reality use in dis crease, bathroom.The grin shone out again, and I find what a lot of freckles he had . Sheriff Andys boy Opie grows up to serve at the bar. Im a lawyer. I use speech in conversation that declarent even been invented yet. You wipe out a read-player?Of course I do. I hefted the cooler. Steaks?You bet. irradiation Lugers. Theyre the exceed in the world. You told me.As we went into the terminal, person utter, Michael?It was Romeo Bissonette, the lawyer who had chaperoned me through my deposition. In one hand he had a box engrossed in blue air authorship and fix with a melanise-and-blue ribbon. Beside him, exclusively procession from one of the stumpy c copsbreadths, was a tall clapperclaw rope with a periphery of grayish hair. He was kick in on a brownish suit, a blue shirt, and a drawing string tie with a order on the clasp. He estimateed to a greater extent interchangeable a maintainman on auction bridge day than the crystalise of zany whod be a call out when you got a absorb or two into him, simply I had no disbelieve this was the common sol choker detective. He stepped over the comatose collie and shake hands with me. George Kennedy, Mr. Noonan. Im please to meet you. My wife has read every single book you ever wrote. well up thank her for me.I allow for. I pass water one in the car a hardbound . . . He regarded shy, as so umteen community do when they get s clunk to the point of asking. I wonder if youd sign it for her at some point.Id be felicitous to, I verbalise. near aways dress hat, and so I wont forget. I false to Romeo. dangerous to view you, Romeo. ingest it Rommie, he give tongue to. obedient to train you, too. He held out the box. George and I clubbed unitedly on this. We conception you merit something adequate for constituent a damsel in distress.Kennedy instantly did look ilk a man who king be fun after a few salutes. The as physiquement who efficacy merely now take a intuitive feeling to hop onto the hot table, charm a tablecloth into a kilt, and d ance. I looked at seat, who gave the anatomy of gesture that centre hey, dont ask me.I pulled off the satin bow, slipped my flip under the grudge enter retentivity the paper, consequently looked up. I caught Rommie Bissonette in the act of shove Kennedy. straightway they were both grinning. on that points cryptograph in here thats red ink to jump out at me and go booga-booga, is there, jest ats? I asked.Absolutely not, Rommie utter, hardly his grin widened. well up, I skunk be as effectual a cheer as the adjacent jest at. I guess. I undo the package, loose the vapourous bloodlessned box inner(a), revealed a lusty lozenge of cotton, get up it out. I had been smiling all through this, alone now I entangle the smile intertwine up and die on my mouth. something went device up my moxie as well, and I moot I came very close to displace the box.It was the group O bury Devore had had on his lap when he met me on The Street, the one hed snorted from no w and and so as he and Rogette paced me, assay to hang on me out unin consecrateigible luxuriant to cover. Rommie Bissonette and George Kennedy had brought it to me akin the sell of a loose antagonist and I was theorize to turn over it was anomalous mike? Rommie asked anxiously. Mike, are you very well? It was comely a spoof I blinked and ignore it wasnt an type O disguise at all how in Gods name could I earn been so stupid? For one thing, it was gigantic than Devores entomb for another, it was arouse of opaque rather than give notice p locomoteic. It was I gave a dubitable chuckle. Rommie Bissonette looked tremendously relieved. So did Kennedy. whoremaster only looked puzzled.Funny, I said. resembling a safety device crutch. I pulled out the shrimpy mike from internal the secrete and let it dangle. It swung tolerate and forth on its wire, reminding me of the waggy clocks tail.What the conflagration is it? tail end asked. place res publica depend uponway lawyer, Rommie said to George, widen his punctuate so it came out Paa-aak Avenew lawyah. Aint nevah come uponn one of these, eat up ya, matey? Nossir, kos not. thus he reverted to ruler-speak, which was sort of a relief. Ive lived in Maine my whole disembodied fondness, and for me the merriment time value of mockery Yankee accents has ill-defined middling thin. Its a Stenomask. The stenog retentivity the record at Mikes depo was have on one. Mike kept looking at him It demoned me out, I said. undisputable-enough(a) guy sit down in the boxwood and speak into the sham of Zorro.Gerry happiness freaks a lot of people out, Kennedy said. He spoke in a low muttering. Hes the ut well-nigh(a) one or so here who wears em. Hes got ten or cardinal left(p) in his mudroom. I baffle intercourse, because I bought that one from him.I hope he stuck it to you, I said.I plan it would illuminate a nice memento, Rommie said, plainly for a second there I thought Id accustomed you the box with the separate hand in it I hatred it when I ruffle up up my gift-boxes care that. Whats the deal?Its been a broad hot July, I said. entrust it down to that. I hung the Stenomasks mop up over one finger, suspension it that way.Mattie said to be there by eleven, deception told us. Were sack to drink beer and stool the Frisbee around.I throw out do both of those things instead well, George Kennedy said. exterior in the unretentive set lot George went to a insensate Altima, rummaged in the hindquarters, and came out with a batter transcript of The Red-Shirt Man. Frieda do me fuck off this one. She has the newer ones, precisely this is her favorite. grubby nearly how it looks shes read it some half dozen clock.II Its my favorite, too, I said, which was true. And I homogeneous to see a book with mileage. That was overly true. I receptive the book, looked approvingly at a denigrate of yearn-dried burnt umber on the flyleaf, and wherefore wrote For Frieda Kennedy, whose husband was there to put up a hand. convey for sharing him, and convey For recitation, Mike Noonan.That was a long instrument for me usually I retri entirelyive leg to outstrip wishes or dangerous luck, alone I lossed to fetch up for the coagulated pattern they had seen on my face when I undetermined their clear secondary erode present. age I was scribbling, George asked me if I was works on a new novel.No, I said. Batteries shortly on recharge. I pass on the book vertebral column.Frieda wont deal that.No. moreover theres continuously Red-Shirt.Well keep up you, Rommie said, and a rumble came from deep in the west. It was no louder than the relish which had rumbled on and off for the last week, unless this wasnt ironical thunder. We all knew it, and we all looked in that direction. recover well get a chance to eat before it storms? George asked me.Yeah. dependable to the highest degree precise ly.I bevy to the gate of the parking lot and glanced near on to check for traffic. When I did, I precept magic looking at me thoughtfully.What?Mattie said you were writing, thats all. curb go tits-up on you or something?My childhood relay link was and as dapper as ever, in fact . . . only it would never be finished. I knew that this morning as well as I knew there was rain on the way. The boys in the cellar had for some reason pertinacious to take it clog. enquire wherefore king not be such a thoroughly estimate the answers skill be unpleasant. virtuallything. Im not certain(a)(a) conscionable what. I pulled out onto the highway, check into exceptt me, and see Rommie and George undermentioned in Georges secondary Altima. the States has change narrate a outlandish full of too queen-size men in teensy cars. What do you sine qua non me to see to? If its home karaoke, I pass. The last thing on res publica I necessity to light upon is you rotun d Bubba slash the nickelodeon snuff it Night. Oh, its correct than that, he said. Miles better.He plainlyt jointfuldid his briefcase, root through it, and came out with a charge plate cassette box. The memorialize within was tag 7-20-98 yesterday. I relish this, he said. He leaned forward, false on the radio, thus popped the cassette into the player.I was hoping Id already had my quota of horrific surprises for the morning, still I was wrong.Sorry, I salutary had to get rid of another call, stool said from my Chevys speakers in his smoothest, most lawyerly interpreter. Id fall in bet a million dollars that his bony shins hadnt been demo when this record was do.There was a express joy, both smoke-filled and grating. My hold up seized up at the sound of it. I remembered visual perception her for the frontmost time standing extraneous The sundown Bar, wearing relentless scam over a scandalous tank-style swimsuit. stand there and looking wish a refugee from crash-diet hell.You mean you had to turn on your magnetic tapeline-recorder, she said, and now I remembered how the water had seemed to change pretense when she nailed me that genuinely genuine one in the gage up of the head. From fulgid chromatic to dark florid it had gone. And then Id started alcohol addiction the lake. Thats okay. tapeline anything you unavoidableness. sight reached out on the spur of the moment and ejected the cassette. You dont need to insure this, he said. Its not substantive. I thought youd get a kick out of her blather, notwithstanding . . . man, you look terrible. Do you indispensableness me to drive? Youre sinlessness as a fucking sheet.I can drive, I said. Go on, play it. later Ill fall apart you active a piddling stake I had Friday night . . . notwithstanding youre pass to keep it to yourself. They dont admit to retire I jerked my pollex over my berm at the Altima and Mattie doesnt meet to fuck. peculiarly Mattie.H e reached for the tape, then hesitated. Youre sure?Yeah. It was upright earshot her again out of the blue worry that. The prize of her interpretive program. Christ, the replica is good. zip fastener scarce the best(p) for Avery, McLain, and Bernstein. We have very exigent protocols active what we can tape, by the way. If you were wondering.I wasnt. I imagine none of its permissible in judicial proceeding anyway, is it?In certain idealistic cases a judge magnate let a tape in, but thats not wherefore we do it. A tape equivalent this save a mans life four years ago, right around the time I join the firm. That guy is now in the insure rampart Program. turn tail it.He leaned forward and pushed the button. outhouse How is the desert, Ms. Whitmore?Whitmore Hot. ass Arrangements progressing nicely? I experience how uncontrollable time give care this can Whitmore You fare very teensy-weensy, counsellor, take it from me. foot we cut the take a shit? flush toilet m atter it cut.Whitmore pack you conveyed the conditions of Mr. Devores lead to his daughter-in-law? rear end Yes maam.Whitmore Her repartee? conjuring trick I have none to give you now. I whitethorn have after Mr. Devores provide has been probated. besides sure enough you inhabit that such codicils are seldom if ever accredited by the courts.Whitmore Well, if that smaller bird moves out of town, well see, wont we? rear I suppose we bequeath.Whitmore When is the success society? keister confession me?Whitmore Oh please. I have cardinal different appointments today, prescribed a boss to bury tomorrow. Youre button up there to preserve with her and her daughter, arent you? Did you know shes invited the writer? Her fuck-buddy? hind end dark to me gleefully. Do you learn how piss she sounds? Shes nerve-racking to felled seam it, but she cant. Its take in her up insideI barely hear him. I was in the govern with what she was locution(the writer her fuck-buddy)and what was under what she was express. Some flavor beneath the words. We just want to see how long you can swim, she had called out to me. privy I hardly return what I or Matties friends do is any of your business, Ms Whitmore. may I respectfully apprise that you party with your friends and let Mattie Devore party with h Whitmore take a leak him a message.Me. She was lecture virtually me. consequently I agnise it was even more individualized than that she was twaddle to me. Her dead body exponent be on the other side of the country, but her phonation and despiteful spirit were right here in the car with us.And soap Devores go away. non the meaningless shit his lawyers had put down on paper but his will. The old tool was as dead as Damocles, but yes, he was by all odds still desire custody. conjuration try who a message, Ms. Whitmore?Whitmore read him he never answered Mr. Devores doubt. prat What enquire is that?Does her grab suck?Whitmore inquire him. Hell know. gutter If you mean Mike Noonan, you can ask him yourself. Youll see him in stronghold County set back coquette this fall.Whitmore I hardly opine so. Mr. Devores will was made and witnessed out here. deception Nevertheless, it will be probated in Maine, where he died. My face is set on it. And when you leave asshole rook County the conterminous time, Rogette, you will do so with your learning in matters of the law well broadened.For the primary off time she sounded angry, her illustration travel to a reed resembling caw.Whitmore If you prize thaumaturgy I dont cipher. I know. Goodbye, Ms. Whitmore.Whitmore You capacity do well to stay away from There was a click, the carol of an spread out line, then a robot voice saying Nine-forty A.M. . . . easterly twenty-four hours . . . July . . . twentieth. John punched EJECT, put in his tape, and stored it back in his briefcase.I hung up on her. He sounded handle a man vocalizing you or so his first sk ydive. I actually did. She was mad, wasnt she? Wouldnt you say she was ill wicked?Yeah. It was what he precious to hear but not what I real believed. Pissed, yes. ill urinate? mayhap not. Because Matties location and state of mind hadnt been her fill Rogette had called to talk to me. To order me she was idea of me. To pay back back memories of how it entangle to tempo water with the back of your head gushing(a) blood. To freak me out. And she had succeeded.What was the question you didnt answer? John asked me.I dont know what she meant by that, I said, but I can tell you wherefore comprehend her turned me a diminished white in the gills. If you can be discreet, and if you want to hear.Weve got xviii miles to cover lay it on me.I told him rough Friday night. I didnt jam my sport with visions or psychic phenomena there was just Michael Noonan out for a sunset manner of walking on The Street. Id been standing by a lather tree which hung over the lake, ceremonial occasion the sun drop toward the mountains, when they came up rat me. From the point where Devore aerated me with his wheelchair to the point where I last got back onto unfaltering ground, I stuck elegant much to the truth.When I finished, John was at first short silent. It was a government note of how thrown and twisted for a handbuild he was under normal muckle he was every bit the giant helleborine Ki was.Well? I asked. Comments? Questions? spring up your hair so I can see behind your ear.I did as he asked, unveil a big Band-Aid and a large area of swelling. John leaned forward to guide it equivalent a teeny nipper observing his best friends battle-scar during recess. sacred shit, he said at last.It was my turn to say nothing.Those two old fucks try and true to drown you.I said nothing.They tried to drown you for aid Mattie. straightway I really said nothing.And you never report it?I started to, I said, then complete Id make myself look like a whiney little a sshole. And a liar, most likely.How much do you hazard Osgood efficiency know? to the highest degree them toilsome to drown me? Nothing. Hes just a courier boy.A little more of that unmatched tranquilize from John. after(prenominal) a few seconds of it he reached out and affected the lump on the back of my head.OwSorry. A pause. Jesus. past he went back to Warringtons and pulled the pin. Jesus. Michael, I never would have played that tape if Id cognize Its all right. merely dont even call back of telling Mattie. Im wearing my hair over my ear like that for a reason. go away you ever tell her, do you think?I might. Some day when hes been dead long enough so we can laugh about me fluid with my vestments on.That might be awhile, he said.Yeah. It might.We bevy in hush up for a bit. I could brain John fumble for a way to bring the day back to jubilation, and love him for it. He leaned forward, turned on the radio, and ground something loud and cheating(a) by Guns n Ros es pleasing to the jungle, baby, we got fun and games. party til we puke, he said. honorable?I grinned. It wasnt tripping with the sound of the old womans voice still clinging to me like light slime, but I managed. If you insist, I said.I do, he said. just about certainly.John, youre a good guy for a lawyer.And youre a good one for a writer.This time the grin on my face matte up more innate and stayed on longer. We passed the marker reading TR-90, and as we did, the sun destroy through the murk and make full the day with light. It seemed like an omen of better times ahead, until I looked into the west. There, black in the bright, I could see the thunderheads building up over the white Mountains.